Android Exception "java.lang.OutOfMemoryError thrown"

What to do if Android project fails to build with the following error:

COMPILETODALVIK : UNEXPECTED TOP-LEVEL error : 
    Exception in thread "main" 
    Exception: java.lang.OutOfMemoryError thrown from the UncaughtExceptionHandler in thread "main"

After the release of Xamarin.Android.Support libraries version 23.0.1 from Xamarin, the above exception is thrown when compiling projects with a number of references to third-party assemblies. To remedy this you need to increase the maximum java heap size.

In Visual Studio:

• Right-click the .Droid project and select "Properties"
• Select "Android Options"
• Select "Advanced" tab
• Enter a value for "Java Max Heap Size" e.g. 1G

In Xamarin Studio:

• Right-click the .Droid project and select "Options"
• Select "Android Build" in "Build" node
• Select "Advanced" tab
• Enter a value for "Java Heap Size" e.g. 1G